1. Introduction
The improvement of energy conversion efficiency using new material or new manufacturing process
of solar cell seems approach its limit, around 15-19%. Millions of dollars are spent in order to gain a
small percentage in energy conversion efficiency. The power generation of solar PV can be increased
using sun tracking technology. However, the design of the sun tracker is usually very complicated and
expensive. Units are heavy and prone to breakdown and installation is difficult.
Many theoretical studies have been conducted for the past several decades to show the improvement of
PV power generation using 1-axis or 2-axis sun tracking PV [1-2]. Kacira et al [3] experimentally
investigated the effect of a dual-axis solar tracking on energy gain compared to a fixed panel in Sanliurfa
of Turkey, and found that the daily average gain is 29.3% in solar radiation and 34.6% in power
generation, for a particular day in July. Mazen et al [4] performed an experimental investigation on the
effect of using two-axis sun-tracking systems under Jordanian climate. It was experimentally found that
there was an increase of about 30 45% in the output power compared to the fixed PV system, for
particular days.
Huang et al [5] developed a novel 1-axis 3-position (1A-3P) sun tracking PV with 3 fixed angles at
morning, noon, and afternoon. A controller was developed to control sun tracker to the 3 fixed positions
at the designated time (10:20 to turn horizontal, 13:40 to turn west, 18:30 to turn east). A comparative test
using a fixed and a 1A-3P tracking PV was carried out with two identical stand-alone solar-powered LED
lighting systems (Fig. 1).