With respect to product properties, such as wash
stability, shelf stability, cooking behavior, visual appearance,
and cooked rice texture, both warm and
hot extrusion can be recommended. Dusting is not
a suitable technology where wash-stable fortified
rice is required; and coating technologies require
wash-stable coatings. Hot extrusion allows a broad
adaptation of kernel properties and most closely
resembles natural rice after cooking, while visual
appearance of warm-extruded kernels is ideal before
cooking.24 Both processes lead to perfectly acceptable
product properties in a 1:200 to 1:50 dilution
with natural rice. From the processing side,
the decision could thus be made on the basis of the
type of other products manufactured in the same
factory (i.e., pasta-type equipment is favorable for
a pasta producer and extrusion equipment for a
breakfast cereal or snack producer). To compare the
bioavailability of added nutrients in the rice matrix,
an in-depth study of warm- and hot-extruded