Results
Participant characteristics
A total of 251 women participated in the parent study. After
excluding women with missing data, the sample was reduced to
182–249 participants depending on the variables of interest.
Although 79.1% (of 249 participants) reported at the baseline
(prepartum) visit that they intended to breast feed, only 40.2%
(of 199 participants) reported any breast feeding at 8 weeks
postpartum. Chi-square analyses indicated that intervention
group was not significantly associated with breast-feeding status
at 8 weeks postpartum. Notably, 20.0% (of 199 participants;
nearly half of breast-feeding women) reported that they had relapsed
to smoking and were still breast feeding at 8 weeks postpartum.
Participants who were not breast feeding at 8 weeks
postpartum reported that they had discontinued breast feeding
after an average of 3.94 (SD = 2.87) weeks. Characteristics associated
with any breast feeding at 8 weeks postpartum included
Caucasian race/ethnicity, greater education, higher annual
household income, and being married or living with a significant
other. See Table 1 for participant characteristics overall and
by breast-feeding status at 8 weeks postpartum.