Human Resources Management (HRM) models
There are many HRM models out there (Harvard, Michigan, etc…) but there are mainly three different approaches (Torrington, Hall and Taylor 2008) to achieve competitive advantage through HRM. The universalist approach described by Guest (1989) as a one size fits all i.e. derived from the best practices philosophy also supported by other academics e.g. Delery and Dory (1996), Pfeffer (1994) but some others are also questioning how easy it may be to shift focus of the organisation (Whipp 1992) and even to achieve the goals (Purcell 1991). The fit or contingency approach that can be found in Fombrun et al (1984) is based on both internal and external fit and focus on selection, appraisal, development and reward. This model has been criticised mainly because of its one-way relationship with organisational strategy. The resourced-based approach (Boxall 1996) is built on attributes of resources. To achieve competitive advantage, resources should be Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Non-substitutable (VRIN).
b. British Airways HRM aspects
To define the HR model used by British Airways, we should first analyse the main aspects of its HR Management:
• creating motivation and commitment of all employees which continue to play a major part in the success of the company.
• some of HR measures are clearly designed to improve and support employees’ motivation (British Airways Plc. 2010).
• a remuneration scheme with profit sharing and encouraged share ownership, this is an effective way for employees to feel more involved in the company’s results (British Airways Plc. 2010),
• training and development are instrumental to ensure resources will be able not only to feel valued in the company but also will be able to enable business objectives achievement (British Airways Plc. 2010)
• diversity and inclusiveness is seen as a key aspect in the recruitment strategy, this includes genders, ethnicities, religions, etc… (British Airways Plc. 2010)
Human Resources Management (HRM) modelsThere are many HRM models out there (Harvard, Michigan, etc…) but there are mainly three different approaches (Torrington, Hall and Taylor 2008) to achieve competitive advantage through HRM. The universalist approach described by Guest (1989) as a one size fits all i.e. derived from the best practices philosophy also supported by other academics e.g. Delery and Dory (1996), Pfeffer (1994) but some others are also questioning how easy it may be to shift focus of the organisation (Whipp 1992) and even to achieve the goals (Purcell 1991). The fit or contingency approach that can be found in Fombrun et al (1984) is based on both internal and external fit and focus on selection, appraisal, development and reward. This model has been criticised mainly because of its one-way relationship with organisational strategy. The resourced-based approach (Boxall 1996) is built on attributes of resources. To achieve competitive advantage, resources should be Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Non-substitutable (VRIN).b. British Airways HRM aspectsTo define the HR model used by British Airways, we should first analyse the main aspects of its HR Management:• creating motivation and commitment of all employees which continue to play a major part in the success of the company.• some of HR measures are clearly designed to improve and support employees’ motivation (British Airways Plc. 2010).• a remuneration scheme with profit sharing and encouraged share ownership, this is an effective way for employees to feel more involved in the company’s results (British Airways Plc. 2010),• training and development are instrumental to ensure resources will be able not only to feel valued in the company but also will be able to enable business objectives achievement (British Airways Plc. 2010)• diversity and inclusiveness is seen as a key aspect in the recruitment strategy, this includes genders, ethnicities, religions, etc… (British Airways Plc. 2010)
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