The glucose-rich cellulosic hydrolysate obtained from fed-batch hydrolysis, supplemented with yeast extract and (NH4)2HPO4, was utilized as the fermentation medium for ethanol fermentation. Results indicated that S. cerevisiae 316 could readily ferment glucose in hydrolysate to ethanol but could not metabolize xylose due to the lack of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase ( Fig. 4). Within 18 h, 95.3 g l−1 glucose was fermented to 45.7 g l−1 ethanol, equivalent to 94% of the theoretical yield (based on the theoretical yield of 0.51 g ethanol/g glucose).