The participants were nurses (ท = 13) and students (ท = 11) in the final year of a baccalaureate nursing program, all working in the study setting (encompassing three community health settings and home care) during the data collection period. According to Morse (2000), 20 to 30 participants are sufficient for theoretical saturation in grounded theory. Including both nurses and students offered the potential to understand cultural competence development through the various stages of learning.