Although potentially perilous, public strategic planning is not necessarily ineffective. If a public organization can complete a strategic plan, then it has been able to identify issues, prioritize them, and formulate ways of –– that is, strategies for –– dealing with them. But just how effective public strategic plans are –– that is, do they measurably facilitate public administrators in achieving their goals and resolving issues? –– is not clear; one review of the literature concluded that “no careful study of the effectiveness of governmental strategic planning has been done,” although it is known that those public administrators who develop and complete strategic plans believe that their efforts are worthwhile.80