To measure student subject matter learning, students in this study completed two examinations. First, they completed a 20- item multiple-choice examination (GC08C) developed by the American Chemical Society's (ACS) Division of Chemical Education Examinations Institute. In all three semesters, the exam was administered in a traditional classroom settingdnot in the active learning classroomdto minimize the potential for cheating and to regularize the timing of the exam across all sections of CHEM 1061. Students were allotted exactly 50 min to complete the exam. All copies of this examination were collected prior to the administration of a second and separate exam created independently by section instructors and consisting of 40 items.