Governments and international organizations have
progressively embraced the principle of substantive
equality of opportunity. The World Bank, for instance, has
developed and started using a Human Opportunity Index
as one of the relevant indicators to assess social, human
and economic development aspects in Latin America (18),
and is currently expanding its use to other regions, for
example the Middle East and North Africa. The 2010 Human
Development Report background research paper Designing
the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
also proposed a modification to the methodology used
to adjust the Human Development Index for inequality in
the distribution of each dimension (health, knowledge
and income) across populations (19, 20).