previously demonstrated in vitro that the extent of decrease in the value of tissue galvanic apparent internal
resistance (GAIR) during IRE treatment is indicative of the efficiency of IRE100 In a more recent publication, Goldberg et al101 examined the in vivo GAIR changes of rat liver hepatocytes exposed to IRE. The study found a 33% decrease in the value of GAIR immediately after the procedure, which increased to 40% at 3 hours following treatment. The authors suggest that once real-time monitoring of GAIR is feasible, the utilization of this method in clinical settings will allow intraprocedure evaluation of IRE efficacy