The production of food products is associated with the production of large waste or by-product streams. The formation of waste or by-products cannot always be avoided because not all parts of plants or animals can be consumed peels (e.g. seeds, stems, peels, bones). Furthermore, if a crop or part of an animal has not been traditionally included in the diet, consumer acceptance is low and those parts are discarded. Besides, modern and wealthy consumers only accept impeccable products: a defect in a fruit is not acceptable any longer and results in food waste. On top of this, the current infrastructure of food production contributes to generation of waste streams., because the food and food ingredient industry is mainly focused on the production of ingredients that consist of a single or a defined mixture of components, neglecting the material that is not the focus of attention within the process. This production concept produces a large amount of by-products, leading to loss of many functional and nutritious components.