To test the long-term applicability of scaled-up sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) in simultaneous
bioremediation of toxic-contaminated sediments and power-supply for electronic devices, a 100 L SMFC
inoculate with heavily contaminated sediments has been assembled and operated for over 2 years
without external electron donor addition. The total organic chemical (TOC) degradation efficiency was
22.1% in the electricity generating SMFCs, which is significantly higher than that in the open-circuited
SMFC (3.8%). The organic matters including contaminants in the contaminated sediments were sufficient
for the electricity generation of SMFCs, even up to 8.5 years by the present SMFC theoretically. By using a
power management system (PMS), the SMFC electricity could be harvested into batteries and used by
commercial electronic devices. The results indicated that the SMFC–PMS system could be applied as a
long-term and effective tool to simultaneously stimulate the bioremediation of the contaminated
sediments and supply power for commercial devices.