African countries maintain pace with high-income regions in the growing number of obese adults and chronic conditions while also continuing to have the highest rates of maternal and fetal mortality, infectious diseases, malnutrition and many other healthcare problems less common in high-income countries (World Health Organization, 2012). Nevertheless, African countries have the lowest health care expenditures of all World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Although nurses provide the majority of healthcare, Africa also has the fewest healthcare workers in the world, including the least number of nurses and midwives in any WHO region.