H3: Income and education influence compulsive
behavior.
Earlier research posits that compulsive buyers
are more prone to materialistic tendencies
than are normal shoppers. They tend to purchase
products that would enhance their self-esteem.
Fashion products have been associated with
compulsiveness because they symbolize materialism
and status (Johnson & Attman, 2009;
Khan et al., 2009; Krugger, 1998; Park & Burns,
2005; Roberts & Martinez, 1997; Yurchisin &
Johnson, 2004; Xu, 2008).