Although we still firmly believe that the cable and satellite licenses ultimately should yield to a regime of exclusive rights and the free marketplace, we see a fundamental difference between Internet retransmissions and retransmissions via cable and satellite, a difference that I believe makes compulsory licensing for the Internet inadvisable. That difference is in the nature of the delivery platform for the retransmissions. Both cable and satellite provide a means of delivering broadcast signals that copyright owners cannot practicably do themselves. Copyright owners license broadcasters to perform their works via over-the-air broadcasting, which has certain important limitations. There are topographical limitations to over-the-air broadcasting which limit certain viewers' ability to receive a signal. There are also distance limitations to over-the-air broadcast signals that restrict how far a signal will travel. Cable eliminates these limitations by being a closed path transmission service--a wire--that not only allows clear receipt of nearby broadcast stations, but also allows receipt of stations far beyond the reach of any over-the-air signal. The same is true with satellite, which can deliver broadcast programming to subscribers who are not capable of receiving over-the-air broadcasting, and cannot receive a quality picture by other means.