Grain-yield-related traits of GM rice plants as indicated by the percent increase or decrease (shaded areas) of GM lines relative to non-GM controls. Only values with changes
>10% (which may be meaningful to agriculture) are shown. Underlined values indicate a significant increase or decrease at P < 0.05 based on the independent t-test (pure
cultivation) or paired t-test (competition mode). The values with gray background highlight the negative values (cost). The statistical process was conducted on the software SPSS Ver. 15.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, 2006). “Mixed” refers to competition mode between GM and non-GM plants. Relevant data in 2003 experiment was
extracted from Chen et al. (2006) to compare differences in grain-yield-related traits between 3 years.