1. Introduction
One of the major developments of the last two decades has been the advancement of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) based food safety management systems (FSMS) that supplement and/or replace traditional end-product inspection and testing procedures and their extension to all rungs of the food chain (FAO, 2007) These FSMSs address food safety hazards that are reasonably expected to occur at different points in the lood chain, or are difficult to monitor (CAC, 2003. FAO, 2007: ISO 22000 2005, 2005; Trienekens & Zuurbier, 2007). In tandem with advancements in FSMSs, trade in fresh food products has grown in comparison to traditional processed or manufactured products. This has been attributed to, among others, the perceived health benefits associated with fruits and vegetables by consumers, air transport, as well as advances in maintenance of the cold storage throughout the supply chain (Jacxsens et al.2009) Mantraditional agricultural specialty greater 2000) food products, such as fruits and food potential for However, fresh food products products, food safety risks compared with processed and sanitary and SPS) measures are Narrod, & Roy, 2007: determining market access (okello. To Roberts, Stanton & Wolff. reduce safety risks, food safety and quality management has therefore assumed great importance as a key driver for organiza- tion and management of food production systems in the agribusi- ness and food industry (Luning et al. 2009) Substantial investments and efforts have been made in the development and implementation of FSMS (Da Cruz, Cenci, & Maia, 2006: Jacxsens et al, 2010) to prevent introduction of and control food safety hazards along the supply chain Uaosens et al. 2009) The FSMS consists of inter-related elements applied to ensure safety of food products, and may include HACCP and HACCP-based systems. normative documents, policies and objectives and documentation. FSMSs may also include regulations, guidelines, assurance systems, responsibilities and resources, among others. These FSMSs comprise various preventive and performance-based measures (control and assurance systems) that flexibility in achieve- ment of the desired level of protection most efficiently. The FSMs are now a days frequently required for domestic and/or interna- tional market access through third party certification to one or more standards (Stanton & Wolff, 2008) However, the effectiveness of these FSMS vary widely due to differences in interpretation (Ropkins & Beck, 2000) and there have been concerns in terms of both cost to industry and public health benefit (Unnevehr & Jensen, 1999) Moreover, governments are concerned about the fact that safety measures in place have been ineffective in reducing food-borne illnesses (Motarjemi & Kaferstein. 1999: Warriner, Huber, Namvar, Fan, & Dunfield, 2009). Recent years have witnessed an increase in hazards associ- ated with fresh produce (olaimat & Holley, 2012), for example, the recent outbreak of E coli o104:H4 in Germany. Fresh produce from tropical regions with pesticide residues exceeding European Union's maximum residue limits (EU MRLs) are also common place (EFSA, 2011)y countries have experienced growth in exports of nontraditional agricultural specialty greater 2000) food products, such as fruits and food potential for However, fresh food products products, food safety risks compared with processed and sanitary and SPS) measures are Narrod, & Roy, 2007: determining market access (okello. To Roberts, Stanton & Wolff. reduce safety risks, food safety and quality management has therefore assumed great importance as a key driver for organiza- tion and management of food production systems in the agribusi- ness and food industry (Luning et al. 2009) Substantial investments and efforts have been made in the development and implementation of FSMS (Da Cruz, Cenci, & Maia, 2006: Jacxsens et al, 2010) to prevent introduction of and control food safety hazards along the supply chain Uaosens et al. 2009) The FSMS consists of inter-related elements applied to ensure safety of food products, and may include HACCP and HACCP-based systems. normative documents, policies and objectives and documentation. FSMSs may also include regulations, guidelines, assurance systems, responsibilities and resources, among others. These FSMSs comprise various preventive and performance-based measures (control and assurance systems) that flexibility in achieve- ment of the desired level of protection most efficiently. The FSMs are now a days frequently required for domestic and/or interna- tional market access through third party certification to one or more standards (Stanton & Wolff, 2008) However, the effectiveness of these FSMS vary widely due to differences in interpretation (Ropkins & Beck, 2000) and there have been concerns in terms of both cost to industry and public health benefit (Unnevehr & Jensen, 1999) Moreover, governments are concerned about the fact that safety measures in place have been ineffective in reducing food-borne illnesses (Motarjemi & Kaferstein. 1999: Warriner, Huber, Namvar, Fan, & Dunfield, 2009). Recent years have witnessed an increase in hazards associ- ated with fresh produce (olaimat & Holley, 2012), for example, the recent outbreak of E coli o104:H4 in Germany. Fresh produce from tropical regions with pesticide residues exceeding European Union's maximum residue limits (EU MRLs) are also common place (EFSA, 2011)
1. บทนำ One of the major developments of the last two decades has been the advancement of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) based food safety management systems (FSMS) that supplement and/or replace traditional end-product inspection and testing procedures and their extension to all rungs of the food chain (FAO, 2007) These FSMSs address food safety hazards that are reasonably expected to occur at different points in the lood chain, or are difficult to monitor (CAC, 2003. FAO, 2007: ISO 22000 2005, 2005; Trienekens & Zuurbier, 2007). In tandem with advancements in FSMSs, trade in fresh food products has grown in comparison to traditional processed or manufactured products. This has been attributed to, among others, the perceived health benefits associated with fruits and vegetables by consumers, air transport, as well as advances in maintenance of the cold storage throughout the supply chain (Jacxsens et al.2009) Mantraditional agricultural specialty greater 2000) food products, such as fruits and food potential for However, fresh food products products, food safety risks compared with processed and sanitary and SPS) measures are Narrod, & Roy, 2007: determining market access (okello. To Roberts, Stanton & Wolff. reduce safety risks, food safety and quality management has therefore assumed great importance as a key driver for organiza- tion and management of food production systems in the agribusi- ness and food industry (Luning et al. 2009) Substantial investments and efforts have been made in the development and implementation of FSMS (Da Cruz, Cenci, & Maia, 2006: Jacxsens et al, 2010) to prevent introduction of and control food safety hazards along the supply chain Uaosens et al. 2009) The FSMS consists of inter-related elements applied to ensure safety of food products, and may include HACCP and HACCP-based systems. normative documents, policies and objectives and documentation. FSMSs may also include regulations, guidelines, assurance systems, responsibilities and resources, among others. These FSMSs comprise various preventive and performance-based measures (control and assurance systems) that flexibility in achieve- ment of the desired level of protection most efficiently. The FSMs are now a days frequently required for domestic and/or interna- tional market access through third party certification to one or more standards (Stanton & Wolff, 2008) However, the effectiveness of these FSMS vary widely due to differences in interpretation (Ropkins & Beck, 2000) and there have been concerns in terms of both cost to industry and public health benefit (Unnevehr & Jensen, 1999) Moreover, governments are concerned about the fact that safety measures in place have been ineffective in reducing food-borne illnesses (Motarjemi & Kaferstein. 1999: Warriner, Huber, Namvar, Fan, & Dunfield, 2009). Recent years have witnessed an increase in hazards associ- ated with fresh produce (olaimat & Holley, 2012), for example, the recent outbreak of E coli o104:H4 in Germany. Fresh produce from tropical regions with pesticide residues exceeding European Union's maximum residue limits (EU MRLs) are also common place (EFSA, 2011)y countries have experienced growth in exports of nontraditional agricultural specialty greater 2000) food products, such as fruits and food potential for However, fresh food products products, food safety risks compared with processed and sanitary and SPS) measures are Narrod, & Roy, 2007: determining market access (okello. To Roberts, Stanton & Wolff. reduce safety risks, food safety and quality management has therefore assumed great importance as a key driver for organiza- tion and management of food production systems in the agribusi- ness and food industry (Luning et al. 2009) Substantial investments and efforts have been made in the development and implementation of FSMS (Da Cruz, Cenci, & Maia, 2006: Jacxsens et al, 2010) to prevent introduction of and control food safety hazards along the supply chain Uaosens et al. 2009) The FSMS consists of inter-related elements applied to ensure safety of food products, and may include HACCP and HACCP-based systems. normative documents, policies and objectives and documentation. FSMSs may also include regulations, guidelines, assurance systems, responsibilities and resources, among others. These FSMSs comprise various preventive and performance-based measures (control and assurance systems) that flexibility in achieve- ment of the desired level of protection most efficiently. The FSMs are now a days frequently required for domestic and/or interna- tional market access through third party certification to one or more standards (Stanton & Wolff, 2008) However, the effectiveness of these FSMS vary widely due to differences in interpretation (Ropkins & Beck, 2000) and there have been concerns in terms of both cost to industry and public health benefit (Unnevehr & Jensen, 1999) Moreover, governments are concerned about the fact that safety measures in place have been ineffective in reducing food-borne illnesses (Motarjemi & Kaferstein. 1999: Warriner, Huber, Namvar, Fan, & Dunfield, 2009). Recent years have witnessed an increase in hazards associ- ated with fresh produce (olaimat & Holley, 2012), for example, the recent outbreak of E coli o104:H4 in Germany. Fresh produce from tropical regions with pesticide residues exceeding European Union's maximum residue limits (EU MRLs) are also common place (EFSA, 2011)
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
