(0.57 ± 0.22) for L. humile, 0 to 9 (3.33 ± 3.42) for A. steingroeveri and 7 to 16 (12.92 ± 1.93) in the ant-free cage. The number of C. perminutus ranged from 0 to 2 (0.1 ± 0.15) fo rC. peringueyi, 0 to 7 (1.12 ± 1.53) for L. humile, 0 to 18 (10.57 ± 4.25) and 9 to 18 (13.65 ± 1.03) in the ant-free cage (n= 5 in all cases).Fig. 4 illustrates the trends in the number of parasitoids on butternuts in the presence or absence of ants. The mean number of parasitoids foraging on the mealybug-infested butternut differed significantly