The application of advanced digital technologies (i.e., microprocessor-based measurement and control, communications, computing, and information systems) are expected to greatly improve the reliability, security, interoperability, and efficiency of the electrical grid, while reducing environmental impacts and promoting economic growth. Achieving enhanced connectivity and interoperability will require innovation, ingenuity, and different applications, systems, and devices to operate seamlessly with one another, involving the combined use of open system architecture, as an integration platform, and commonly shared technical standards and protocols for communications and information systems. To realize Smart Grid capabilities, deployments must integrate a vast number of smart devices and systems.