is that the clearance between the outermost tubes in the bundle and the shell
must be made greater than in the fixed and U-tube designs to accommodate the floatinghead
flange, allowing fluid to bypass the tubes. The clamp ring (split flange design),
Figure 12.6, is used to reduce the clearance needed. There will always be a danger of
leakage occurring from the internal flanges in these floating head designs.
In the external floating head designs, Figure 12.7, the floating-head joint