(d) Associates
An associate is an entity in which the Group has significant influence, but not control or joint control, over its management, including
participation in the financial and operating policy decisions.
An investment in an associate is accounted for using the equity method.
Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost, adjusted for any excess of the Group’s share of the acquisition-date
fair values of the investee’s identifiable net assets over the cost of the investment (if any). Thereafter, the investment is adjusted for the
post-acquisition change in the Group’s share of the investee’s net assets and any impairment loss relating to the investment (see note
2(j)). The Group’s share of the post-acquisition post-tax results of the investee for the year is recognized as share of profit or loss in the
consolidated statement of comprehensive income, whereas the Group’s share of the post-acquisition post-tax items of the investee’s
other comprehensive income is recognized as other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in the associate, the Group’s interest is reduced to nil and recognition of further
losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of
the investee. For this purpose, the Group’s interest in the investee is the carrying amount of the investment under the equity method
together with the Group’s long-term interests that in substance form part of the Group’s net investment in the associate.
Unrealized profits and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the
Group’s interest in the investee, except where unrealized losses provide evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred, in which
case they are recognized immediately in profit or loss. Accounting policies of associates would be changed where necessary in the
consolidated financial statements to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
(d) Associates
An associate is an entity in which the Group has significant influence, but not control or joint control, over its management, including
participation in the financial and operating policy decisions.
An investment in an associate is accounted for using the equity method.
Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost, adjusted for any excess of the Group’s share of the acquisition-date
fair values of the investee’s identifiable net assets over the cost of the investment (if any). Thereafter, the investment is adjusted for the
post-acquisition change in the Group’s share of the investee’s net assets and any impairment loss relating to the investment (see note
2(j)). The Group’s share of the post-acquisition post-tax results of the investee for the year is recognized as share of profit or loss in the
consolidated statement of comprehensive income, whereas the Group’s share of the post-acquisition post-tax items of the investee’s
other comprehensive income is recognized as other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in the associate, the Group’s interest is reduced to nil and recognition of further
losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of
the investee. For this purpose, the Group’s interest in the investee is the carrying amount of the investment under the equity method
together with the Group’s long-term interests that in substance form part of the Group’s net investment in the associate.
Unrealized profits and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the
Group’s interest in the investee, except where unrealized losses provide evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred, in which
case they are recognized immediately in profit or loss. Accounting policies of associates would be changed where necessary in the
consolidated financial statements to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
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