The most central claim of social constructivism is that no certain knowledge is
possible, and in particular no certain knowledge of mathematics is possible.
Concerning empirical knowledge, this thesis is one that is subscribed to by many
philosophers. These include continental sceptics beginning with Descartes; British
empiricists such as Hume; American pragmatists such as James and Dewey; some
modern American philosophers such as Goodman, Putnam, Quine and Rorty; and
modern philosophers of science, including Popper, Kuhn, Feyerabend, Lakatos and
Laudan.