MANAGING PRODUCTIVITY
Improving productivity has become a major goal in virtually every organization. By productivity, we mean the overall output of goods or services produced divided by the inputs needed to generate that output. For countries, high productivity generates "costless s needed growth," Employees can receive higher wages and company profits can increase without 'causing inflation. For individual organizations, increased productivity gives them a more put competitive cost structure and the ability to offer more competitive prices. Increasing productivity is a key to global competitiveness. For instance, a great deal of Japan's prosperity in the 1980s can be explained in terms of its growth in manufacturing pro