The foregoing discussion shows that a hedging strategy based on longterm
forward contracts can be almost as expensive as physical storage, even
when short-term futures and forward prices exhibit backwardation. So although
MGRM could have hedged its exposure by buying long-term forward contracts
from an OTC derivatives dealer, doing so would have reduced, if not eliminated,
any profits from its marketing program. Moreover, any dealer selling
such contracts would have faced similar hedging problems.