3.3.6 Migration
Two types of migration were observed in Northeast Thailand, one is seasonal and other more permanent (Naivinit et al., 2010). Seasonal migrations occurred after harvesting of rainfed rice during the long dry season (December to May). On the other hand, the permanent migrants no longer participate in farming activities but send remittances to the households and these migrants are usually young adult male and female (Naivinit et al., 2010). The above mentioned two types of migration were observed in the study area according to key informant group discussion. Previous year migration started early than usual at the end of October, 2012. On the other hand, some participants usually worked in large farms for harvesting of sugarcane and rice but they explained that last year (drought year) they have not enough work in the village which forced them to migrate in order to maintain some cash flow. One of the participants (Female, 57 years) mentioned that-
“Our income does not cover our expenses and we have to do all the work ourselves …… relying on past savings in order to keep our farm ongoing and don’t employ people”.
Participants also mentioned that at least eight farm families migrated from the village to the city area. Rigg and Salamanca (2009) found that moving the family from the village to urban and peri-urban areas for non-farm work opportunities is a way to response during the crisis in Northeastern Thai village. One participant (Male, Aged 48 years) said-
“My neighbor moved from the village with his family and probably he will not come back. I cannot share my problems, even cannot drink with him during Sang kalan festival”.
The member from village committee mentioned that-
“We do the best we can by helping each other and want our community to stick together and grow. We don’t want people to move out”.
In brief, rural community experienced significant suffering as a result of drought not only in the farming sectors but also in various settings on the community livelihood. This highlighted that drought had a meaning at community level, particularly perceived concern about the continuity and viability of the community.
3.3.6 Migration Two types of migration were observed in Northeast Thailand, one is seasonal and other more permanent (Naivinit et al., 2010). Seasonal migrations occurred after harvesting of rainfed rice during the long dry season (December to May). On the other hand, the permanent migrants no longer participate in farming activities but send remittances to the households and these migrants are usually young adult male and female (Naivinit et al., 2010). The above mentioned two types of migration were observed in the study area according to key informant group discussion. Previous year migration started early than usual at the end of October, 2012. On the other hand, some participants usually worked in large farms for harvesting of sugarcane and rice but they explained that last year (drought year) they have not enough work in the village which forced them to migrate in order to maintain some cash flow. One of the participants (Female, 57 years) mentioned that- “Our income does not cover our expenses and we have to do all the work ourselves …… relying on past savings in order to keep our farm ongoing and don’t employ people”. Participants also mentioned that at least eight farm families migrated from the village to the city area. Rigg and Salamanca (2009) found that moving the family from the village to urban and peri-urban areas for non-farm work opportunities is a way to response during the crisis in Northeastern Thai village. One participant (Male, Aged 48 years) said- “My neighbor moved from the village with his family and probably he will not come back. I cannot share my problems, even cannot drink with him during Sang kalan festival”. The member from village committee mentioned that- “We do the best we can by helping each other and want our community to stick together and grow. We don’t want people to move out”. In brief, rural community experienced significant suffering as a result of drought not only in the farming sectors but also in various settings on the community livelihood. This highlighted that drought had a meaning at community level, particularly perceived concern about the continuity and viability of the community.
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