The push, pull distinction between managers and leaders is not entirely any means. For example, the transformational leader (Bass, 1990) inspires others to follow along a path- way towards a vision, just as surely as a source of light attracts the moth. By contrast, the transactional manager adopts a push strategy, engaging in exchange processes with the employee that include the use of rewards and sanctions to secure acceptable levels of performance
In order to survive the impact of economic, technological environmental and other pressures of the global marketplace, we must entrust the fates of our companies to people at all levels of the hierarchy, capable of being both managers and leaders simultaneously. We require individuals who define management and leadership the same way and who incorporate both of these roles into their personal repertoires (Whetten and Cameron, 1998) Besides eradicating the distinction between a manager and a leader, we also suggest the need to eliminate distinctions between leaders and followers. All employees need to be flexible to both lead and follow according to situations encountered regarding their jobs. After all, it is ultimately their effective efforts that collectively make it possible for the president or CEO to accomplish strategic ends that would otherwise fall by the wayside.
Furthermore, each employee must not only be a leader and follower from time to time, but manager as well. We need employees capable of managing their work planning, or ganizing, and controlling activities as required. Without such individuals capable of managing the journey towards the achievement of organizational goals, expressions of corporate visions become empty dreams of overly active presidential imaginations