1. The literature describes the development of a PMS as a design effort to translate strategy into actions. There is much attention for exploring linkages between various dimensions of performance and turning that understanding into concrete PMSs. Processes that are discussed focus on obtaining input fromdifferent stakeholders and maintaining and updating the system. There is not much explicit attention for earlier and parallel PM initiatives. Such a ‘‘green field’’ approach did not work particularly well in our case study, and we believe that this has more general implications. Existing reports at various levels, both inside and outside the operations function, place constraints on current PM. They provide opportunities at the same time, because measurements developed elsewhere can be incorporated. Our findings suggest that developing PMSs should to a large extent be understood as a coordination effort to understand current metrics in detail, to identify shortcomings, and to include ongoing initiatives that affect PM (such as new information systems, parallel initiatives for developing PMSs, and global scorecard development). Much of the existing literature focuses on design efforts at the corporate level, while our study is at the operations or supply chain level. This may explain why coordination is such an important factor in this study.