Understanding and doing science are fairly traditional features
of a 21st-century science curriculum. Talking and acting
on science, however, are often overlooked and underused, and
exemplify the 21st-century emphasis on using knowledge
to meet a purposeful goal. We have found that, together,
the four ways of knowing are a helpful guide for planning
learning goals, selecting materials, shaping activities, and
structuring assessments. The following sections describe each
area of knowing in greater detail.