is the preferred way to maintain or improve nutritional status. Theadditional use of ONS is advised when an enriched diet is noteffective in reaching nutritional goals. Medical nutrition is indicated if patients are unable to eat adequately (e.g. less than 50% ofthe requirement for more than one week or only 50e75% of therequirement for more than two weeks). If a decision has been madeto feed a patient, we recommend enteral nutrition (EN) if oralnutrition remains inadequate despite nutritional interventions(counseling, ONS), and PN if EN is not sufficient or feasible. Nutritional therapy in cancer patients who are malnourished or at risk ofmalnutrition has been shown to improve body weight and energyintake but not survival [20,21]. In patients undergoing (adjuvant)radiotherapy, there is good evidence that nutritional support improves also some aspects of quality of life [22], but these resultshave not yet been confirmed in patients undergoing chemotherapy