Australia, Japan and New Zealand are parties to the ICRW. In 1982, the IWC established zero catch limits for all whaling, with two exceptions: aboriginal whaling and special permit scientific whaling under Article VIII of the ICRW. In 1994 the IWC established the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary and prohibited all whaling there. It also banned the use of factory ships. Japan has a current objection to the moratorium on killing minke whales and to the establishment of the Southern Ocean Sanctuary.