However, results of phosphorus removal contrasts with finding of Chiarawatchai who reported least impact of earthworm inoculation on phosphorous removal from wastewater during vermi-biofiltration process. He suggested some technical improvements like replacement of substrates from gravel or sand to ones with high phosphorus adsorption capacities to enhance phosphorous removal capability of vermi-biofiltration unit. However, better results of this study than previous report could be attributed to substrate quality, design and biological components (earthworm species, plant type etc.). Moreover, activities of earthworm and associated microflora in vermibeds also promote rapid P-mineralization in the system.