15. Statements or predictions that are tested by collecting and analyzing objective evidence are called: A) assumptions B) indicators C) hypotheses D) premises 16. A research report states that Group A was exposed to a new teaching method and Group B was exposed to a traditional method. At the end of a four-month period, each group was given the same achievement test. Group A had a mean score that was higher than the mean score for Group B. The dependent variable in this study was the: A) achievement scores of the students B) motivation of the students C) type of teaching D) length of the period of instruction 17. Which of the following is likely to be of greatest value in formulating hypotheses for a scientific investigation? A) A high level of emotional involvement in the research problem B) A rigorous statistical design C) Clear indication of the variables involved D) A problem statement that is broad in scope 18. The dependent variable is so called because: A) scores on this variable are hypothesized to depend on, and vary with, the value of the independent variable B) the outcome of an experiment is hypothesized to depend on the effect that this variable has on the independent variable C) scores on this variable can be expected not to vary in an experiment D) scores on this variable depend on how they are manipulated by the researcher 19. Characteristics of persons or things that can assume different values are called: A) distributions B) observations C) data D) variables