Kovacs and Moniz analyze the problems and trends of the introduction of anthropocentric production systems (APS) in small less industrialized member states of the European Union (specifically the case of Portugal). APS is a production system that improves skills, participation in the decision in the decision-making processes and the quality of working life. APS is synonymous with the concept of a human-centered production system. Kovacs and Moniz contend that the technology-centered strategy is another choice for the improvement of highly automated production systems. Technology should not replace people, but rather improves their competence and decision making capacity. People's needs and motivations, rather than ergonomic criteria alone, develops the technological dimension. "The development of an anthropocentric productive system, in accordance with human-centered principles, may be undertaken by implementing all principles in a complete system, using all the above- mentioned elements, or by the introduction of some changes.