Fermentation and extraction of secondary metabolites.Solid-state fermentation was carried out as previously described in 1000 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 g of rice media and 200 ml of water, which was then autoclaved at 121 °C at 15 psi for 30 min. The flasks were inoculated with about 3 mm diameter agar blocks containing the axenic fungal cultures and incubated at 27 °C for 21 days. The secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. To obtain the crude extract, the organic phase was vacuum-concentrated at 40 °C under reduced pressure using a rotating vacuum evaporator.