Spiritual and religious leaders from the Buddha and Jesus to Gandhi and the Dalai Lama have
been inclined to equate peace and love, both in their inner dimensions and in the manner in
which people who are spiritually developed interact with others, most acutely with those who
may hate and envy them. In the twentieth century, Freud and other depth psychologists
explored the vicissitudes of our loving and hating feelings, both toward our ‘selves’, and to
others both near and dear (especially our mothers), and to those distant and often dangerous
(the ‘enemy’ within and without).