3.5. Effect of WRF substitution on freeze-thawed cake
In the study on the effect of the freezing and thawing process, cake substituted with 20% WRF was eliminated from consideration because of its obvious collapsed structure.
3.5.1. Moisture content of cake
The moisture content of freeze-thawed cake decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after the third freeze-thaw cycle (Table 2). This was caused by the loss of moisture during storage (Cauvain, 1998) and thawing. Furthermore, the freezing resulted in ice formation; as a result of this the concentration of unfrozen phase was increased which led to physical stress on the food matrix. Consequently, moisture readily separates from the matrix upon thawing of frozen food causing textural change (Reid, 1999; Rahman, 1999). However, no significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the moisture content
of the control and WRF-substituted cake samples either in the fresh-baked or freeze-thawed cake.