All these recent evidence on clinical trials have paved the way to therapeutic approaches with the purpose of modulating the immunity using probiotics. The objective of this study was to select the potential strains isolated from human breast
milk for further use. The ability of different Bifidobacterium strains to induce Th1 cytokine, Th2 cytokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretions by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) was evaluated. The survival potentiality and Caco-2 adhesive activity of probiotic bacteria are important considerations as criteria because excellent survival rates and fine attachment to mucosa prolongs the time
that probiotics stimulate the gastrointestinal immune cells of the host. In this research, eighteen Bifidobacterium strains were first accessed for their immunomodulatory ability. Among the eighteen Bifidobacterium strains, we selected top 8 potential immunomodulatory strains for the following assessment of acid and bile tolerance through the artificial gastrointestinal tract. Finally, six Bifidobacterium strains whose viability did not decline by more than 2 log CFU/mL under acid–bile challenge were selected to conduct Caco-2 adhesive assay.