Kidder offers three principles for resolving ethical dilemmas like these: ends-based thinking, rule-based thinking, and care-based thinking. Ends- is often characterized as"do what's best for the greatest based thinking number of people." It is also known as utilitarianism in philosophy, and it's premised on the idea that right and wrong are best determined by considering the consequences or results of an action. Critics of this view argue that it's almost impossible to foresee all the consequences of one's personal behavior, let alone the consequences of collective action like policy decisions affecting society more broadly Even if outcomes could be known, however, thereare other problems with this a pproach. For example would this view ethically justify the deaths of dozens of infants in medical research if the result might save thousands of others?