Liquid electrolytes which consist of water and organic chains have ionic conductivity up to 1 S/cm, high dielectric constant [18], and give higher specific capacitance of active materials than the organic-based electrolyte. The cell voltage of supercapacitors based on aqueous electrolyte is lower (1 V) [19] than organic electrolyte (2.5 V) [20]. Thus, we were able to obtain significantly better results with non-aqueous [21], biological substances [22] or polymer solid electrolyte [23]. To avoid the shape restrictions, leakage or drying of electrolyte (that inherent of liquids) we can use gel electrolyte. It has fast charging/discharging and high power density as well [24]. Currently, the major polymers for gel electrolyte preparation are polyethylene oxide [25], polyacrylonitrile [26], polymethyl methacrylate [27] polyvinylidene fluoride [28] etc. Relatively new electrolyte for supercapacitor design is solid electrolyte [29] and [30]. This material offers many advantages over the liquids and gels: conduction of electricity, due to the ion movement through voids or defects, in own crystal lattice; leakage resistance, due to dispersion and fixation, into a polymer matrix; dual functionalization as separator and electrolyte. Solid electrolytes implement in the design of flexible and nonflexible supercapacitors and show excellent electrochemical performance [9], [31] and [32].
In any case, properties of electrolyte and its structure determine applied aspects of the supercapacitor. Thus, we report syntheses of liquid, gel and solid organic electrolytes and electro-optical/electro-absorption modulations of light using these electrolytes for graphene-based supercapacitor.