It is feasible and beneficial to incorporating WPC into NaCN for
preparing whipping creams. Sterilization conditions, whipping
time and WPC incorporation all affected the physical properties of
whipping cream, as these formulation and processing factors
altered the characteristics of the droplets themselves (e.g. size and
surface) and the surrounding environment (e.g. viscosity, and steric
and electrostatic interactions). Sterilization intensity decreased in
the order of autoclaving > boiling sterilization > UHT sterilization.
The extent of flocculation highly depended on heat treatment. UHT
sterilization could cause coalescence. A more severe heat treatment
led to increased yield stress, viscosity and loss tangent but
decreased overrun. Partial substitution of NaCN with WPC
improved the stability of whipped foam but slightly reduced the
overrun. Further work may include investigations on the changes in
detailed foam microstructure and chemical composition of surface
proteins after different sterilization and whipping processes using
X-ray micro-tomography, scanning electron microscopy, fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. Formal sensory evaluation
should be included in order to gain better understanding of the
influence of processing conditions on whipping creams. As a real
food emulsion, the other ingredients especially low molecular
emulsifiers and polysaccharides would also influence the physicochemical
properties in whipping cream system. Further attention
must also turn to the interaction mechanisms of these ingredients.
It is feasible and beneficial to incorporating WPC into NaCN forpreparing whipping creams. Sterilization conditions, whippingtime and WPC incorporation all affected the physical properties ofwhipping cream, as these formulation and processing factorsaltered the characteristics of the droplets themselves (e.g. size andsurface) and the surrounding environment (e.g. viscosity, and stericand electrostatic interactions). Sterilization intensity decreased inthe order of autoclaving > boiling sterilization > UHT sterilization.The extent of flocculation highly depended on heat treatment. UHTsterilization could cause coalescence. A more severe heat treatmentled to increased yield stress, viscosity and loss tangent butdecreased overrun. Partial substitution of NaCN with WPCimproved the stability of whipped foam but slightly reduced theoverrun. Further work may include investigations on the changes indetailed foam microstructure and chemical composition of surfaceproteins after different sterilization and whipping processes usingX-ray micro-tomography, scanning electron microscopy, fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, etc. Formal sensory evaluationshould be included in order to gain better understanding of theinfluence of processing conditions on whipping creams. As a realfood emulsion, the other ingredients especially low molecularemulsifiers and polysaccharides would also influence the physicochemicalproperties in whipping cream system. Further attentionmust also turn to the interaction mechanisms of these ingredients.
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