Traditionally, family practice physicians have been viewed as generalists.However,increasingly they have been expected to possess specialist knowledge in areas such as developmental delays, and psychiatric and biochemical disorders (Lerner,1993)Along with pediatricians,who specialize in child treatment,they are often the first professional to whom parent turn when they suspect a problem. Is the child developing normally? Are his balance and coordination adequate? Why does he refuse to go to sleep at night? Why is he talking at a much later age than his sister did? He seems to move around a great deal: Is he hyperactive? When a vision problem is suspected, an eye specialist should be consulted While there is often overlap among procedures used by the several types of eye specialists, parents and professionals should carefully review the needs of the child as they seek intervention. Ophthalmologists are physicians who are concerned with eye diseases and conditions, as well as the ongoing health of the eye. When adults are unsure of the nature of the vision problem, or if they note indicators of problems such as muscular imbalances or recurrent infections, they should take the child to the ophthalmologist for a complete exam.Optometrists are not physicians and deal with the function of the eye instead of its diseases. They are involved in measurement and correction of visual disorders, usually through prescribing glasses or exercises to enhance eye use on a daily basis. Opticians serve a related function in examining for functional abnormalities. They may prescribe series of eye exercises to help improve areas such as muscular balance and coordination. There are several specialists who deal hearing problems. The otologist is physician who diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases of the auditory system. A related medical specialty is otolaryngology, commonly called ear,nose,and throat. Parents should consult this specialist if their child has recurrent infections and allergies, potentially causing hearing loss. Audiologists are nonmedical specialists who test hearing acuity to ensure that the child’s hearing is in normal rang. Using equipment such as an audiometer, they measure the ability to hear the loudness and pitch of sounds commonly encountered in the surrounding environment and importantly, in human speech. They are also able to test the ability to hear in situations where the level of background noise differs. This information is important for students who may be able to hear in a quiet environment, but experience problems with the addition of surrounding noise such as conversations in the classroom. While nurses in many school districts provide vision and hearing screenings to indicate the need for more extensive testing, these exams should not be viewed as definitive since they may overlook some students with sensory losses. Even if the school has provided screening tests, teachers should rely more on their own observational abilities. If they note a child with the characteristics the checklist, they should pursue in depth testing by specialist to be sure that the problem is discovered.
Traditionally, family practice physicians have been viewed as generalists.However,increasingly they have been expected to possess specialist knowledge in areas such as developmental delays, and psychiatric and biochemical disorders (Lerner,1993)Along with pediatricians,who specialize in child treatment,they are often the first professional to whom parent turn when they suspect a problem. Is the child developing normally? Are his balance and coordination adequate? Why does he refuse to go to sleep at night? Why is he talking at a much later age than his sister did? He seems to move around a great deal: Is he hyperactive? When a vision problem is suspected, an eye specialist should be consulted While there is often overlap among procedures used by the several types of eye specialists, parents and professionals should carefully review the needs of the child as they seek intervention. Ophthalmologists are physicians who are concerned with eye diseases and conditions, as well as the ongoing health of the eye. When adults are unsure of the nature of the vision problem, or if they note indicators of problems such as muscular imbalances or recurrent infections, they should take the child to the ophthalmologist for a complete exam.Optometrists are not physicians and deal with the function of the eye instead of its diseases. They are involved in measurement and correction of visual disorders, usually through prescribing glasses or exercises to enhance eye use on a daily basis. Opticians serve a related function in examining for functional abnormalities. They may prescribe series of eye exercises to help improve areas such as muscular balance and coordination. There are several specialists who deal hearing problems. The otologist is physician who diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases of the auditory system. A related medical specialty is otolaryngology, commonly called ear,nose,and throat. Parents should consult this specialist if their child has recurrent infections and allergies, potentially causing hearing loss. Audiologists are nonmedical specialists who test hearing acuity to ensure that the child’s hearing is in normal rang. Using equipment such as an audiometer, they measure the ability to hear the loudness and pitch of sounds commonly encountered in the surrounding environment and importantly, in human speech. They are also able to test the ability to hear in situations where the level of background noise differs. This information is important for students who may be able to hear in a quiet environment, but experience problems with the addition of surrounding noise such as conversations in the classroom. While nurses in many school districts provide vision and hearing screenings to indicate the need for more extensive testing, these exams should not be viewed as definitive since they may overlook some students with sensory losses. Even if the school has provided screening tests, teachers should rely more on their own observational abilities. If they note a child with the characteristics the checklist, they should pursue in depth testing by specialist to be sure that the problem is discovered.
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