Such a possibility could result from excessive energy consumption, relatively
unproductive sectors of the economy, capacity constraints, or inefficiencies in energy production. Empirical
evidence from the studies which supported the growth hypothesis and focused on Turkey was produced by Altinay
and Karagol (2005), and by Jobert and Karanfil (2007). Evidence for Fiji was produced by Narayan and Singh
(2007), for Tanzania by Odhiambo (2009), for most of the OPEC countries by Squalli (2007), and for China by Shiu
and Lam (2004).