Through analysis, the lip seals' pe

Through analysis, the lip seals' performances, pumping rate and
friction torque, are very sensitive to the axial position of contact
zone. For pumping rate, the largest variation ranges from 10
to 14 g/h, i.e. from large leakage rate to net positive pumping
rate; for friction torque, the largest variation ranges from 0.33 to
0.52 N m, i.e. the variation amplitude exceeds more than 35%.