The mycobiota encountered during the processing of cocoa
beans were diverse and composed of at least 20 genera of filamentous
fungi and yeasts. Two groups of fungi were predominant:
those that tolerate the antifungal effect of acetic acid, and those that
thrive when most of the acetic acid is evaporated. When there were
still substantial amounts of acetic acid and carbon dioxide in the
product, known acetic acid tolerant fungi, such as P. paneum,
P. variotii and Monascus were present, but these species were less
common on cocoa beans when the acetic acid disappeared and the
water activity decreased. Regarding the presence of potentially
toxigenic species and levels of water activity required for their
multiplication and production of mycotoxins, the data found in this
study suggest the drying stage as critical for mycotoxin production.
The occurrence of xerophilic fungi increased in storage, thus they
can be considered potential spoilers at this stage. With respect to
the industrial processing, the water activity values found in processed
products was rather low, not allowing for microbial growth.
The mycobiota encountered during the processing of cocoabeans were diverse and composed of at least 20 genera of filamentousfungi and yeasts. Two groups of fungi were predominant:those that tolerate the antifungal effect of acetic acid, and those thatthrive when most of the acetic acid is evaporated. When there werestill substantial amounts of acetic acid and carbon dioxide in theproduct, known acetic acid tolerant fungi, such as P. paneum,P. variotii and Monascus were present, but these species were lesscommon on cocoa beans when the acetic acid disappeared and thewater activity decreased. Regarding the presence of potentiallytoxigenic species and levels of water activity required for theirmultiplication and production of mycotoxins, the data found in thisstudy suggest the drying stage as critical for mycotoxin production.The occurrence of xerophilic fungi increased in storage, thus theycan be considered potential spoilers at this stage. With respect tothe industrial processing, the water activity values found in processedproducts was rather low, not allowing for microbial growth.
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