The vehicle operating costs includes depreciation, vehicle’s interest expenses, energy usage costs, oil
lubricant and vehicle maintenance cost. This study uses price data from transportation system development
and logistics management for practice project in year 2005. The prices were already adjusted to the basd year
2009. In this study, the total VOC is the addition of all trucks’ VOC and all coastal vessels’ VOC. Thus the
VOC saving is “total VOC without the project minus total VOC with the project”. If the net result is positive,
the benefit of the project is created.