Subject was in the standing position. The goniometer was placed
on the subject arm with the center located at the elbow joint. Two
elbow angles were measured. Flexed elbow joint angle (FANG)
was determined when subjects were asked to fully flex the elbow
joint by touching their palm to shoulder without raising the elbow.
For placements of goniometer semipermanent marker was used to
identify the lateral middle point of the humerus, the lateral axis point of
elbow joint. Relaxed elbow joint angle (RANG) represented the angle
with the arm relaxed along the side of the body during standing. RANG
was determined when subjects relaxed the arm allowing it to hang
down by the side. For placements of goniometer a semipermanent
marker was used to identify the lateral middle point between radius
and ulna. FANG and RANG were measured three times for each
time point using a plastic goniometer, and the average of the three
measurement was calculated, and range of motion was defined as the angle
subtracting the mean FANG from the mean RANG [21]