Self-determination: one chooses to engage; assignment invalidates the process
Direct participation is essential: observation does not suffice
Activity is assumed (it is not the goal), as is some measure of interest or pleasure
A delicate balance between sufficient competence and expertise to engage with components of challenge is important
An open-ended situation is key; collaborative problem-solving is ideal
Routine work is not engaging
Persistence is characteristic
Coercion destroys engagement while communication regarding intent and purpose is fundamental