The pan was cleaned after each frying procedure and was rubbed again with sunflower oil. The temperature was monitored by using a data logger (Therm 3280-8M, Ahlborn, Holzkirchen, Germany).The bacon slices were continuously turned over after 1 min and 30 s, respectively, for last flip. The total pan-frying time for each side of each slice was equal. The heated bacon slices were then cooled and stored at 4 C until use in subsequent analysis.