Moreover, by virtue of Section 3/1 of the State Administration Act (No.5),
B.E. 2545 (2002), OPDC has pushed forward the promulgation of The Royal Decree
on Criteria and Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003) in May, 19, 2003,
to set criteria and management directions for government agencies to ensure that the
public receives a better standard of service and the government functions are
equivalent to international standards. The Decree incorporates the following 7
principles (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003: 107):
1) Responsive public administration.
2) Results-based management.
3) Effectiveness and value for money.
4) Lessening unnecessary steps of work.
5) Reviewing mission to meet changing situations.
6) Providing convenient and favorable services.
7) Regular evaluation.
To achieve these goals, each government authority has been assigned a
systematic results based management system by which its performance will be
monitored and evaluated. Therefore, the enactment and enforcement of Section 3/1 of
the State Administrative Act (No.5) B.E. 2545 (2002), The Royal Decree on Criteria
and Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003), the Thai Public Sector
Development Strategy B.E. 2546-2550 (2003-2007), and the approval of The Cabinet
8
Solution on 19 th May, B.E. 2546 (2003), led to the creation of the Four Perspectives
of Performance Measurement and Evaluation. By these four perspectives, performance
indicators relating to each perspective were designed. Every Thai government
authority has been obliged to measure and evaluate its performance against those
performance measurement indicators and an annual performance measurement report
of each agency has to be conducted and overall performances have to be examined
and reported to the Cabinet and the Parliament at the end of each fiscal year. The four
perspectives consist of:
1) Mission Effectiveness each government authority has to
demonstrate the achievement and outcome of its operations along with the allocated
budget in order to benefit the Thai people.
2) Performance Efficiency each government authority has to
demonstrate the capabilities in its practices to reach its desired outcomes.
3) Service Quality each government authority has to demonstrate the
importance of citizens, quality of public service, and citizen satisfaction.
4) Organization Development each government authority has to
demonstrate its capabilities in developing its quality of public administration.
Under the guidance of these four perspectives, each government authority has
to declare to the cabinet its strategic plan, desired results and goals, and performance
indicators relating to the results and goals. These procedures are to ensure that
government’s activities and operations are performed in line with the strategic plan
and achieve the desired outcome. This new concept has been practiced since the
beginning of the fiscal year of B.E. 2546 (2003), instead of the old version of the
performance declaration annual report which described only what a government
authority did and what was done each year, which was sometimes written in an
imprecise way which could distort the facts.
A Cabinet Resolution on May 19, 2003, also approved the OPDC proposal on
work processes reduction by which every government authority was expected to
reduce its work processes. At the beginning government agencies selected some prior
public service providing processes that had the greatest impact and received the
greatest number of complaints. Then reductions of all work processes were expected
to be accomplished by B.E. 2550 (2007). To reach the expectation, the OPDC had to
9
cooperate with government bodies to reduce not only service time, but also to
facilitate service delivery to the public through the formation of a one-stop service
center.
Furthermore, in accordance with the criteria and procedure of the Royal
Decree on Good Governance administration at the ministerial, provincial and district
level had to establish a service link to facilitate the public. All citizens should be able
to contact, inquire for information, and apply for permission or approval as a one stop
service. Thus, Service Link was initially implemented in B.E. 2547 (2004). Service
Link has been implemented in many forms such as: Service link for fundamental
infrastructure, Service link for small enterprises, Ministerial service link, and the most
well-known the Government Counter Service (GCS). In order to provide more
channels for citizens to access public service and information, the Government
Counter Service (GCS) in the form of public service Mobile Units and the
Government Contact Center (GCC: 1111) have also been initiated. Furthermore, E-
Service is another public service channel that many government agencies and OPDC
have been continuously developing in order to provide twenty-four seven public
service to its citizens. (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003
and 2004)
In addition, to promote quality of public services, the Thai Public Service
Quality Award was introduced in B.E. 2546 (2003). At the beginning the focus of
assessment was on results-based and process-based performance appraisals with the
aim to promote all government agencies in streamlining and reducing the time
efficiency of their service providing processes. A year later, an additional assessment
on citizen satisfaction with government authorities’ public services was introduced as
the ultimate measure of the Award. Any government authority can voluntarily
propose its service for gaining the Award which has been categorized into four types
as follows:
1) The Award for a particular service in a service unit.
2) The Award for an overall process of a particular service within a
government’s Department.
3) The Award for a particular service which its process must
cooperate with other government agencies.
10
4) The Award for service innovation.
The criteria for assessing service quality focus on both quantitative and
qualitative dimensions. Quantitative criteria focus on percentages of citizens satisfied
with a service, convenience for citizens getting a service, shortening of waiting times
for service delivery, and numbers of public service users within a service unit per day.
Qualitative criteria center on streamlining of service providing processes and their
usage time, service facilitations, citizen-focused services, and promoting officers’
comprehensive knowledge related to their jobs. Since the Award was introduced in
2003, these have been continuously implemented in the Thai public sector until the
present. Some evaluation criteria might be modified according to changing
circumstances. From the beginning of the Award until the present, the number of
services voluntarily put forward for it have increased continuously. (Office of the
Public Sector Developement Commission, 2007b: 4-15)
Furthermore, since B.E. 2546 (2003) OPDC have considered strategies and
guidelines to develop adherence by public officials to a core set of values, grouped
under the acronym “I AM READY” – Integrity, Activeness, Morality, Relevancy,
Efficiency, Accountability, Democracy, and Yield, with the aim to facilitate change in
cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials to bring about more effective
performance in the public sector, improvement of work methods, a focus on honesty,
diligence, patience, responsibility, and determination to achieve desired results
(Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003: 117). In addition, the
change in cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials, and the change
management developments for public sector administrators have been considered as
well. Public sector administrators have also been trained to be change leaders, able to
effectively manage change, and to create change management innovation in their
organizations. The “Blue Print for Change” has been formed as a guide for change
management in government authorities. Efficiency improvement, quality development,
and strengthening government officials’ competencies were proposals of the Blue
print for Change.
Under the principles and intentions of The Royal Decree on Criteria and
Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003) to create responsive public
administration with citizens at the center of government activities, the OPDC
11
published the New Public Management Techniques and Methods Handbook: Citizen-
centered Approach to Public Administration in B.E. 2549 (2006), which has been used
as an operational handbook for responding to and satisfying the needs and wants of
citizens. This handbook proposes a paradigm shift in public service. Traditional
public services that prioritize the input permeated with rules and regulations in order
to guarantee the legitimacy, accuracy, and equitability of public services have been
transformed to objective achievement, output, outcome, and value for money of
public services, including service quality and customer satisfaction. The handbook
describes five procedures of Citizen-centered public service which are customer and
stakeholder identification, public service identification, customers’ or stakeholders’ needs
and wants surveys, administrative resource identification, and public service quality
improvement. (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2006c)
Furthermore, along with the Thai Public Sector Development Strategy
B.E. 2546-2550 (2003-2007), it requires all government agencies to transform their
working processes and procedures. The OPDC with the cooperation of the Thailand
Productivity Institute has designed and implemented the Public Sector Management
Quality Award (PMQA) – based on the Malcolm Baldridge National Award. The
three objectives of PMQA are to enhance the working abil
Moreover, by virtue of Section 3/1 of the State Administration Act (No.5),
B.E. 2545 (2002), OPDC has pushed forward the promulgation of The Royal Decree
on Criteria and Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003) in May, 19, 2003,
to set criteria and management directions for government agencies to ensure that the
public receives a better standard of service and the government functions are
equivalent to international standards. The Decree incorporates the following 7
principles (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003: 107):
1) Responsive public administration.
2) Results-based management.
3) Effectiveness and value for money.
4) Lessening unnecessary steps of work.
5) Reviewing mission to meet changing situations.
6) Providing convenient and favorable services.
7) Regular evaluation.
To achieve these goals, each government authority has been assigned a
systematic results based management system by which its performance will be
monitored and evaluated. Therefore, the enactment and enforcement of Section 3/1 of
the State Administrative Act (No.5) B.E. 2545 (2002), The Royal Decree on Criteria
and Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003), the Thai Public Sector
Development Strategy B.E. 2546-2550 (2003-2007), and the approval of The Cabinet
8
Solution on 19 th May, B.E. 2546 (2003), led to the creation of the Four Perspectives
of Performance Measurement and Evaluation. By these four perspectives, performance
indicators relating to each perspective were designed. Every Thai government
authority has been obliged to measure and evaluate its performance against those
performance measurement indicators and an annual performance measurement report
of each agency has to be conducted and overall performances have to be examined
and reported to the Cabinet and the Parliament at the end of each fiscal year. The four
perspectives consist of:
1) Mission Effectiveness each government authority has to
demonstrate the achievement and outcome of its operations along with the allocated
budget in order to benefit the Thai people.
2) Performance Efficiency each government authority has to
demonstrate the capabilities in its practices to reach its desired outcomes.
3) Service Quality each government authority has to demonstrate the
importance of citizens, quality of public service, and citizen satisfaction.
4) Organization Development each government authority has to
demonstrate its capabilities in developing its quality of public administration.
Under the guidance of these four perspectives, each government authority has
to declare to the cabinet its strategic plan, desired results and goals, and performance
indicators relating to the results and goals. These procedures are to ensure that
government’s activities and operations are performed in line with the strategic plan
and achieve the desired outcome. This new concept has been practiced since the
beginning of the fiscal year of B.E. 2546 (2003), instead of the old version of the
performance declaration annual report which described only what a government
authority did and what was done each year, which was sometimes written in an
imprecise way which could distort the facts.
A Cabinet Resolution on May 19, 2003, also approved the OPDC proposal on
work processes reduction by which every government authority was expected to
reduce its work processes. At the beginning government agencies selected some prior
public service providing processes that had the greatest impact and received the
greatest number of complaints. Then reductions of all work processes were expected
to be accomplished by B.E. 2550 (2007). To reach the expectation, the OPDC had to
9
cooperate with government bodies to reduce not only service time, but also to
facilitate service delivery to the public through the formation of a one-stop service
center.
Furthermore, in accordance with the criteria and procedure of the Royal
Decree on Good Governance administration at the ministerial, provincial and district
level had to establish a service link to facilitate the public. All citizens should be able
to contact, inquire for information, and apply for permission or approval as a one stop
service. Thus, Service Link was initially implemented in B.E. 2547 (2004). Service
Link has been implemented in many forms such as: Service link for fundamental
infrastructure, Service link for small enterprises, Ministerial service link, and the most
well-known the Government Counter Service (GCS). In order to provide more
channels for citizens to access public service and information, the Government
Counter Service (GCS) in the form of public service Mobile Units and the
Government Contact Center (GCC: 1111) have also been initiated. Furthermore, E-
Service is another public service channel that many government agencies and OPDC
have been continuously developing in order to provide twenty-four seven public
service to its citizens. (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003
and 2004)
In addition, to promote quality of public services, the Thai Public Service
Quality Award was introduced in B.E. 2546 (2003). At the beginning the focus of
assessment was on results-based and process-based performance appraisals with the
aim to promote all government agencies in streamlining and reducing the time
efficiency of their service providing processes. A year later, an additional assessment
on citizen satisfaction with government authorities’ public services was introduced as
the ultimate measure of the Award. Any government authority can voluntarily
propose its service for gaining the Award which has been categorized into four types
as follows:
1) The Award for a particular service in a service unit.
2) The Award for an overall process of a particular service within a
government’s Department.
3) The Award for a particular service which its process must
cooperate with other government agencies.
10
4) The Award for service innovation.
The criteria for assessing service quality focus on both quantitative and
qualitative dimensions. Quantitative criteria focus on percentages of citizens satisfied
with a service, convenience for citizens getting a service, shortening of waiting times
for service delivery, and numbers of public service users within a service unit per day.
Qualitative criteria center on streamlining of service providing processes and their
usage time, service facilitations, citizen-focused services, and promoting officers’
comprehensive knowledge related to their jobs. Since the Award was introduced in
2003, these have been continuously implemented in the Thai public sector until the
present. Some evaluation criteria might be modified according to changing
circumstances. From the beginning of the Award until the present, the number of
services voluntarily put forward for it have increased continuously. (Office of the
Public Sector Developement Commission, 2007b: 4-15)
Furthermore, since B.E. 2546 (2003) OPDC have considered strategies and
guidelines to develop adherence by public officials to a core set of values, grouped
under the acronym “I AM READY” – Integrity, Activeness, Morality, Relevancy,
Efficiency, Accountability, Democracy, and Yield, with the aim to facilitate change in
cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials to bring about more effective
performance in the public sector, improvement of work methods, a focus on honesty,
diligence, patience, responsibility, and determination to achieve desired results
(Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2003: 117). In addition, the
change in cultural norms, values, and attitudes of public officials, and the change
management developments for public sector administrators have been considered as
well. Public sector administrators have also been trained to be change leaders, able to
effectively manage change, and to create change management innovation in their
organizations. The “Blue Print for Change” has been formed as a guide for change
management in government authorities. Efficiency improvement, quality development,
and strengthening government officials’ competencies were proposals of the Blue
print for Change.
Under the principles and intentions of The Royal Decree on Criteria and
Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003) to create responsive public
administration with citizens at the center of government activities, the OPDC
11
published the New Public Management Techniques and Methods Handbook: Citizen-
centered Approach to Public Administration in B.E. 2549 (2006), which has been used
as an operational handbook for responding to and satisfying the needs and wants of
citizens. This handbook proposes a paradigm shift in public service. Traditional
public services that prioritize the input permeated with rules and regulations in order
to guarantee the legitimacy, accuracy, and equitability of public services have been
transformed to objective achievement, output, outcome, and value for money of
public services, including service quality and customer satisfaction. The handbook
describes five procedures of Citizen-centered public service which are customer and
stakeholder identification, public service identification, customers’ or stakeholders’ needs
and wants surveys, administrative resource identification, and public service quality
improvement. (Office of the Public Sector Development Commission, 2006c)
Furthermore, along with the Thai Public Sector Development Strategy
B.E. 2546-2550 (2003-2007), it requires all government agencies to transform their
working processes and procedures. The OPDC with the cooperation of the Thailand
Productivity Institute has designed and implemented the Public Sector Management
Quality Award (PMQA) – based on the Malcolm Baldridge National Award. The
three objectives of PMQA are to enhance the working abil
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