since all resistant clones tested also featured the full size PsaD-ble cassette PCR product (conducted on extracted gDNA, not shown). WT (wild type) DNA yielded no PCR product for this gene while a positive control PCR yielded the expected product (Fig. 3). The ble gene was weakly transcribed into RNA transcripts, as confirmed by PCR amplification of cDNA template synthesized from extracted RNA of transformed colonies (Fig. 4). The PCR product includes 986bp corresponding to a partial 5' PsaD UTR, the full ble CDS (intronless), and PsaD 3' UTR PCR transcript.